05 décembre 2010
Asthme : attention aux médecines non conventionnelles
L'Université de Montréal met en garde les parents dont les enfants asthmatiques ont recours aux médecines non conventionnelles, puisque selon les résultats de son étude, ces enfants auraient deux fois plus de risques de présenter un asthme mal contrôlé. L'étude, dirigée par Francine Ducharme, professeure au département de pédiatrie de l'Université de Montréal, s'est portée sur 2.000 enfants de six ans touchés par différents asthmes. Elle a montré que ceux qui utilisaient des médecines douces dans le but de maitriser leur asthme avaient plus de difficultés à contrôler leur maladie que les autres enfants.
Ainsi, Francine Ducharme explique à Santé News : "Des études antérieures ont montré que près de 60% des parents croient que les médecines parallèles et complémentaires peuvent être utiles dans le traitement de l'asthme. Pourtant, des études bien conçues n'ont pas permis de démontrer que les thérapies comme l'acupuncture, l'homéopathie, la médecine chiropratique ou la phytothérapie sont efficaces dans le traitement de l'asthme".
Et alors que sur les enfants étudiés, 13% suivaient des médecines douches, Francine Ducharme ajoute : "Les parents n'ont peut-être pas conscience des risques qui leur sont associés, notamment les réactions indésirables qu'elles peuvent induire, leurs interactions possibles avec les médicaments conventionnels". Ainsi, il n'est pas recommandé de substituer un traitement conventionnel par une médecine douce, quelle qu'elle soit.
25 septembre 2007
Study: Acupuncture Eases Low Back Pain
By Salynn Boyles
WebMD Medical News
Reviewed by Louise Chang, MD
Sept. 24, 2007 -- Acupuncture proved to be more effective than conventional lower back pain treatments in a new study, but it was no more effective than a sham needle procedure.
The German study compared outcomes among 1,162 patients with chronic low back pain treated with traditional Chinese acupuncture; sham acupuncture; or a conventional approach to treating back pain using drugs, physical therapy, and exercise.
The study is the largest investigation of acupuncture vs. conventional nonsurgical treatment for lower back pain ever reported, researchers say.
"Acupuncture represents a highly promising and effective treatment option for chronic back pain," researcher Heinz Endres, MD, tells WebMD. "Patients experienced not only reduced pain intensity, but also reported improvements in the disability that often results from back pain -- and therefore in their quality of life."
Acupuncture for Back Pain
Endres says up to 85% of people will suffer from low back pain at some point in their lives. The pain may last for a few days or continue as chronic low back pain for months and years.
While a recent review of research showed acupuncture to be useful for the treatment of low back pain when given in addition to other therapies, the latest study was designed to determine if acupuncture is an effective treatment on its own.
Acupuncture was delivered in 10, 30-minute sessions conducted over six weeks. Patients who received conventional treatments had a similar number of total treatments, which included exercise, pain medication, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
The acupuncture groups were allowed to use medication for acute episodes of back pain only. This consisted of NSAID use no more than two days a week during the treatment period.
Traditional acupuncture involved inserting needles at fixed points and depths on the body and manipulating the needles in accordance with ancient Chinese practice.
With the sham treatment, needles were inserted in the lower back at shallower depths at non-acupuncture points and the needles were not manipulated.
Patients who got the traditional and sham acupuncture treatments were almost twice as likely to report treatment-related responses six months later as patients who did not have acupuncture.
Responses were defined as a 33% improvement in pain or a 12% improvement in functional ability.
"Because acupuncture has a low risk of side effects and few contraindications, it should be added to the catalogue of treatments recommended for acute and chronic back pain, even though -- just as for any other form of treatment -- there will always be some patients who do not respond," Endres says.
Sham Acupuncture Works
Several earlier studies involving patients with chronic pain have shown similar benefits for traditional and sham acupuncture.
A 2005 analysis of 33 back pain studies did show a treatment advantage for traditional acupuncture, but a researcher involved in the analysis says more recent studies challenge this finding.
"The evidence as a whole suggests that the benefits of true acupuncture over sham acupuncture are almost clinically irrelevant," Eric Manheimer, MS, of the University of Maryland Center for Integrative Medicine tells WebMD. "The reasons for this are not really clear. It may be that putting the needles anywhere stimulates some sort of analgesic effect."
Acupuncture is still considered an alternative treatment for low back pain in the U.S., but this is no longer the case in Germany. Based on findings from the newly reported study, it is now covered by state health insurance.
Endres says acupuncture is a clearly useful treatment for low back pain, even if we don't understand why.
"Just because we cannot explain exactly the mechanism by which a treatment works, doesn't mean that it doesn't work," he says.

01 mars 2007
La France ouvre ses portes à la médecine traditionnelle chinoise
Philippe Douste-Blazy a signé ce matin à Pékin un accord de coopération visant à autoriser médicaments et thérapies traditionnelles chinoises en France. Certains laboratoires hexagonaux entendent bien profiter de ce nouveau filon.
Le ministre des Affaires étrangères Philippe Douste-Blazy et Gao Qiang, ministre chinois de la santé, ont signé ce matin à Pékin un accord visant à reconnaître la médecine traditionnelle chinoise en France. Les deux gouvernements vont notamment financer la création d'un comité scientifique franco-chinois chargé d'évaluer les traitements et médicaments utilisés en Chine depuis des millénaires. L'enveloppe devrait atteindre 10 millions d'euros sur cinq ans. Des laboratoires français comme Pierre Fabre, Servier et Ethypharm se sont associés à ce projet. « Nous espérons pouvoir introduire en France de nouveaux traitements pour des maladies comme l'arthrose, l'ostéoporose ou le diabète », explique Jean Deregnaucourt, conseiller chez Pierre Fabre, qui assistait à la signature de cet accord. L'herbier chinois compte environ 150.000 plantes, soit dix fois plus que la France.
Il existe en Chine 27 universités et 2500 hôpitaux publics de médecine traditionnelle. Certains de ces traitements sont reconnus par l'Académie nationale de médecine chinoise. C'est par exemple le cas de ceux administrés par le docteur Li Tao, directeur d'un département de « neurologie traditionnelle » à l'hôpital Xiyuan de Pékin, dans le domaine des thromboses et les maux de tête. Il ne tient désormais qu'à lui de collaborer avec le comité scientifique franco-chinois pour valider ses protocoles.
Le défi est de taille : « Il s'agit de faire converger deux approches très différentes de la santé : la médecine chinoise, avec ses traitements personnalisés, pourraient déboucher sur des traitements prenant davantage en compte les spécificités du patients comme son âge, son sexe ou son état psychologique », explique Christine M'rini, conseillère en sciences et technologies à l'ambassade de France à Pékin.
L'accord va dans le sens de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS), qui a lancé en 2002 un programme de valorisation des médecines traditionnelles et de l'ethnopharmacologie. C'est aussi un moyen d'aligner les pratiques de la France sur celle de ses voisins : la médecine chinoise est souvent pratiquée illégalement dans notre pays, alors qu'elle est libre en Grande-Bretagne et que le statut de « praticien acupuncteur » est reconnu aux Pays-Bas et en Suisse. Cet accord s'ajoute à celui signé le mois dernier par Gilles de Robien, ministre de l'éducation et de la recherche, sur la formation des acupuncteurs français. « Dès la rentrée prochaine, les facultés de médecine française ouvriront des spécialités en acupuncture », déclarait-il lors d'un point presse à Shanghai.
Anne Bretagne et Georges Favraud, à Shanghai

30 janvier 2007
Le temps des charlatans
La rédactrice du dossier, a choisi de ne présenter que des médecins pratiquant une de ces pseudo-médecines, qui tous — on s’en doute — sont convaincus de l’efficacité de leur technique. L’un d’entre eux, le Dr David Alimi, neurophysiologiste responsable de la consultation d’auriculothérapie à l’IGR de Villejuif, affirme même tout de go : « Pour asseoir une discipline, rien ne vaut la validation et l’évaluation scientifique. »
Certes, mais alors pourquoi aucune liste d’études cliniques (randomisées, en double-aveugle et contre placebo) n’est simplement mentionnée dans ce dossier ? Peut-être parce que l’on serait bien en peine de produire la moindre étude de qualité dans le domaine de l’auriculothérapie. Voir en particulier l'analyse par l'AFIS d'une des études du Dr Alimi qui montre que le double-aveugle n'est pas de mise dans son étude, et une discussion plus générale de l'auriculothérapie).
On serait bien en peine de trouver de telles études de qualité dans le domaine des pseudo-médecines mentionnées dans ce dossier. Il faut savoir que les études cliniques de qualité sont très rares (cela coute très cher et cela prouve souvent qu'on se trompe) même dans le domaine de la médecine scientifique. Alors pour la médecine de Molière, ça devient inabordable vu que les résultats ne sont jamais au rendez-vous. Alors, on fait de mauvaises études et on brandit triomphalement des résultats biaisés. La triste histoire de Benvéniste vient à notre mémoire (celle de l’eau, bien sûr). Le double-aveugle imposé par le protocole défini avec l’illusionniste James Randi a montré que les résultats de Benvéniste étaient dus à un biais. L’expérience a été renouvelée avec le programme scientifique Horizon de la BBC quelques années plus tard, mettant un point (final ?) à ces prétentions.
Dans un encart, la rédactrice nous prévient qu’il faut « se méfier du jargon pseudo-médical, de concepts fumeux et de mécanismes complexes ». Dont acte !
Parlons donc du principe de similitude de l’homéopathie (ne pas confondre avec les principes de la vaccination), du principe des hautes dilutions dépassant le point où plus la moindre molécule de produit ne peut subsister (moins il y en a, plus ça fait d’effet), de la « mémoire de l’eau » (l’eau gardant miraculeusement les propriétés des molécules qui y seraient passées), de la transmission électronique des propriétés médicamenteuses par Internet (dernière lubie de Benvéniste) et autres inepties.
Parlons de l’acupuncture et son jargon de « méridiens » (jamais observés physiquement), d’énergie du « chi », de « point zhi yin ». Sans doute ces concepts paraissent-ils très clairs à la rédactrice, qui ne semble pas franchement tentée de les expliquer. Et pourtant, il y aurait de quoi dire !
Alors, si la théorie est invraisemblable, les résultats, eux, peuvent néanmoins être valides (on peut avoir tort dans le principe mais tomber juste par hasard, ce n’est pas parce que le raisonnement est faux que le résultat l’est, etc.). Dans ce cas, les études cliniques devraient montrer des résultats clairs. Les tenants des pseudo-médecines, faute de pouvoir justifier leurs théories, se tournent vers les succès supposés de leurs pratiques (le « ça marche », voir aussi http://charlatans.free.fr/camarche.shtml). Les défauts méthodologiques des études cliniques sont constatables même par des néophytes. Ce qui explique pourquoi les études se succèdent et se contredisent. Les réalités sont tristes : plus les études sont faites correctement, scientifiquement, plus les résultats des pseudo-médecines se rapprochent de l’effet placebo, parfois même par le bas et avec des effets secondaires non négligeables. Ces constatations ont été faites à plusieurs reprises par des journaux scientifiques prestigieux qui ont passé en revue de nombreuses études cliniques (voir la réaction des laboratoires Boiron).
Le dossier de Sciences & Avenir se conclut par une déclaration enthousiaste du Pr Boustie, de la fac de pharmacie de Rennes, sur les bienfaits du millepertuis pour lutter contre la dépression. Las ! Sens Commun a déjà publié une nouvelle du British Medical Journal en 2005 sur les bienfaits du millepertuis.
Le dossier est suivi d’une interview du psychothérapeute Thierry Janssen, qui répète les affirmations contestables et contestées de la rédactrice du dossier, notamment sur la supériorité alléguée des pseudo-médecines par rapport au placebo. Thierry Janssen n’oublie pas de critiquer le « réductionnisme scientifique », et cite Linus Pauling qui s’exprime sur ce qu’est la vie. On se demande encore ce que Pauling, un physicien et chimiste vient faire dans cette galère. Il s’était singularisé il y a quelques années en soutenant que l’absorption de doses massives de vitamine C aurait des effets très bénéfiques sur les défenses immunitaires. On lira à ce sujet une nouvelle de Nature.
Quand Thierry Janssen parle « d’enrichir » la médecine scientifique avec « des concepts plus larges », on se retient de rire. Décidément, Molière et son Médecin malgré lui est plus actuel que jamais. Avec Sciences et Avenir, ce serait plutôt Le Tartuffe. A quand la « kinésiologie appliquée » dans les hôpitaux ?
Liens recommandés :
- Acupuncture
http://pseudo-medecines.org/articles.php?lng=fr&pg=13 http://charlatans.free.fr/acupuncture.shtml http://sens-commun.blogspot.com/search/label/acupuncture
- Placebo
http://sens-commun.blogspot.com/search/label/placebo
http://charlatans.free.fr/placebo.shtml http://pseudo-medecines.org/articles.php?lng=fr&pg=29
- Homéopathie
http://sens-commun.blogspot.com/search/label/homeopathie
http://charlatans.free.fr/homeopathie.shtml
- Ostéopathie
http://sens-commun.blogspot.com/search/label/osteopathie
http://charlatans.free.fr/osteocranien.shtml http://pseudo-medecines.org/articles.php?lng=fr&pg=20
- Phytothérapie
http://sens-commun.blogspot.com/search/label/phytotherapie
http://pseudo-medecines.org/articles.php?lng=fr&pg=125
- Iridologie
http://charlatans.free.fr/irido.shtml
- Discussions générales
http://pseudo-medecines.org
http://charlatans.free.fr/medecines_paralleles.shtml
http://charlatans.free.fr/questionnaire.shtml
Bibliographie :
Le sommeil de la raison, Norbert Bensaïd
Les charlatans de la santé, Jean-Marie ABGRALL
Idées folles, idées fausses en médecine, Skrabanek, Mc Cormick
Les pseudo-médecines, Jean Brissonnet
Les médecines douces, Jean-Jacques AULAS
Médecines parallèles et cancers, Dr. Olivier Jallut
La magie et la raison, Simon Schraub
Histoires parallèles de la médecine. Des Fleurs de Bach à l'ostéopathie, Thomas Sandoz
29 janvier 2007
Piquer sans trembler
L'acupuncture efficace pour calmer les symptômes de la maladie de Parkinson ? C'est vrai… chez la souris ! Cette technique ancestrale venue de Chine ne cesse pas de nous réserver des surprises, la dernière en date venant d'une équipe coréenne…
La maladie de Parkinson est une affection progressive et dégénérative provoquée par la mort des cellules nerveuses chargées du contrôle et de la coordination des mouvements. Ces cellules produisent la dopamine, un neurotransmetteur très présent dans la matière grise cérébrale.
Or selon le travail du Pr Sabian Lim de l'Université de Séoul, la pose d'aiguilles sur des souris souffrant de Parkinson, a permis de maintenir leur niveau de dopamine. Lequel a diminué dans un groupe témoin non traité.
Lim et son équipe ont voulu en savoir davantage. Ils ont donc mené un essai sur des volontaires, mais en nombre malheureusement insuffisant. L'auteur appelle donc ses confrères occidentaux à chercher dans la même direction. Et si l'acupuncture, associée à des traitements conventionnels, permettait de soulager les parkinsoniens ? Ce serait une sacrée nouvelle…
Source : Nature, 22 janvier 2007

06 novembre 2006
Vraiment efficace, la petite aiguille chinoise !
Le Pr Claudia M. Witt et ses collègues, du Centre médical universitaire de Berlin, ont suivi pendant 3 ans une cohorte de près de 3 500 malades souffrant de douleurs chroniques et traités par anti-inflammatoire. Ils ont été répartis en 2 groupes : « acupuncture » et « groupe contrôle ».
« Les patients traités par acupuncture ont montré de réelles améliorations. Leurs douleurs se sont sensiblement atténuées », observe Claudia M. Witt. Mais attention, il ne s’agit en aucun cas de traiter l’arthrose par un recours exclusif à l’acupuncture ! Le traitement classique demeure l’anti-inflammatoire. L’acupuncture, elle, vient en complément.
Source : Arthritis and Rheumatism, novembre 2006, 54 :11 ; 3 485-3 493

31 août 2006
Alternative medicine doesn't exist and acupuncture is useless
Sampson has been invited by the Commonwealth Club to hold forth on one of the most popular alternative medical practices, acupuncture.
There are two major misconceptions about acupuncture, Sampson says, and both contribute to the misunderstanding of its worth as medical treatment. First, most people assume that it's an ancient Chinese cure that has existed, unchanging, for centuries. Not so, says Sampson, noting that "acupuncture was formalized in a complex way over the past 100 years, mostly in Europe and France and after the Communist takeover in China. Before that time there was no consistent formalization of acupuncture points or what each place was supposed to do. It was largely regional, and the thinking varied from city to city."
The other mistake people make about acupuncture, Sampson says, is that it offers specific cures. "It is nonspecific," Sampson says. "If it has the effect of, say, releasing endorphins through the application of needles, well, many things release endorphins -- a walk in the woods, a 5-mile run, a pinch on the butt."
Clinically, it has been shown that acupuncture can have counter-irritative effects. The basis for this is simple: If you have a headache and someone applies pressure through needles to your arms and neck, you get distracted from your headache. "It has no effect on disease process," Sampson says, "but it can affect perception of symptoms through these nonspecific devices, such as attention diversion or the desire of the patient to please the treater and feel benefits."
Sampson doesn't actually find acupuncture to be a very dangerous procedure -- although it is invasive, most people seek acupuncture for a known, nonserious disorder -- but he does say it's useless.
"I look at it this way: what if acupuncture didn't exist?" he says. "Would medicine or society be any worse off? If no one knew about it, nothing would change. You would still have ways to apply counter-irritation, through massage or rubbing."
But there are more dangerous aspects to the world of alternative medicine, Sampson says, starting with the wildly popular practice of chiropractics. In general, he says, one of the biggest problems with the whole notion of "ancient Chinese medicine" is that it falsely pits itself against "Western medicine." Sampson says these distinctions are useless; a more apt comparison, he says, would be ancient Chinese medicine to ancient European medicine, which share many similarities in their fundamental notions about how the body works. Western medicine, on the other hand, has grown up as the world rejected those ancient notions.
Sampson points to the Western ideal of "first do no harm" as a major difference in the approaches. "Some find Western medicine to be cold because there's no laying of hands on the body unless it's absolutely necessary," says Sampson. "But we took an oath. Physicians should not lay on hands or do something that doesn't accomplish its goal. Cracking a neck or a back, for instance, can do much more harm than good. You have to draw the line somewhere. "
23 mai 2006
Doctors attack 'bogus' therapies
In a letter, reproduced in the Times, they raised concern the NHS is backing "unproven or disproved treatments", like homeopathy and acupuncture.
One doctor said the NHS was funding "bogus" therapies when patients struggled to get drugs like Herceptin.
Prince Charles is to make a speech in Geneva backing complementary therapies.
He will put forward the case for alternative medicine in the fight against serious disease, in a speech to the World Health Assembly.
'Implausible treatment'
The letter, on behalf of 13 people and sent to 476 acute and primary care trusts, is being seen as a direct challenge to the prince's campaign.
Organised by Michael Baum, emeritus professor of surgery at University College London, the letter said he and fellow doctors believed alternative medicine was being promoted despite a lack of evidence and "at a time when the NHS is under intense pressure".
It criticised two initiatives - a government-funded guide on homeopathy for patients, and the Smallwood report, commissioned by Prince Charles, which suggested greater access to complementary therapies in the NHS might lead to widespread benefits.
The letter described homeopathy as an "implausible treatment for which over a dozen systematic reviews have failed to produce convincing evidence of effectiveness".
The doctors say while "medical practice must remain open to new discoveries", it would "be highly irresponsible to embrace any medicine as though it were a matter of principle".
The letter continues: "The public and the NHS are best served by using the available funds for treatments that are based on solid evidence."
Signatories on the letter include Nobel Prize-winner Sir James Black and Sir Keith Peters, president of the Academy of Medical Science.
But 93-year-old Jane Gilchrist, who uses homeopathic therapies, said she had had "great benefit" from it.
"It has been in the NHS since 1948. It's the best kept secret in Britain," she told BBC Radio 4's Today programme.
She said it was difficult to collect data because it was hard to prove the effectiveness of a therapy "based on people, not on symptoms".
'Needs evidence'
One signatory to the letter, consultant clinical scientist Leslie Rose, said its purpose was to instil equal vigour in gathering evidence for every treatment prescribed to NHS patients.
"The NHS should not be spending money where the evidence base is much weaker than it is for conventional treatments," he told BBC Breakfast.
He said a business plan for the refurbishment of the Royal London Homeopathic Hospital - which cost £20m to set up - did not put any emphasis on evidence.
Complementary therapies also include reflexology, aromatherapy and a range of massage techniques such as reiki and shiatsu.
Prince Charles first advocated the use of complementary medicines more than 20 years ago.
He has since established the Prince's Foundation for Integrated Health (FIH), which encourages the development of complementary medicines and integrated healthcare.
On Monday the prince had a lesson in crystal therapy while visiting a hospital in Merthyr Tydfil, to see how complementary therapies are helping older people with Alzheimer's and other mental illnesses.
A spokeswoman for the Department of Health (DoH) said it was up to clinicians and trusts to decide on the best treatment for a patient.
"We know it is important that as more people turn to these therapies a solid evidence base is developed," she said.
"Patients rightly expect to have clear information about the range of treatments that are available to them, including complementary therapies."
The department said it did not have figures on the amount spend by the NHS on complementary medicines because decisions were taken locally.
About half of GPs are thought to refer patients to alternative therapists.
25 mars 2006
A groundbreaking experiment ... or a sensationalised TV stunt?
Simon Singh
The BBC series Alternative Medicine was widely regarded as a great success: its first episode, broadcast in January, attracted 3.8 million viewers, making it BBC2's second most watched programme of the week. There were glowing reviews and high profile news stories about it.
But this week scientists involved in the series have complained that elements of the programmes were misleading, the production team was uninformed, and scientists were used as "marionettes".
Last month it was suggested the series had a misleading sequence in which acupuncture was used instead of a general anaesthetic during open heart surgery in China. It was claimed the narration underplayed the role of the powerful sedatives and large doses of local anaesthetic that were used during the surgery, and exaggerated the role of the acupuncture.
The scientists say the programme culminated in an experiment that left viewers with the false impression they had seen a major step forward in the understanding of acupuncture.
Presenter Kathy Sykes introduced the programme by saying: "In a groundbreaking experiment I will discover something truly astonishing about acupuncture." She went on: "It's hugely ambitious, because of course we've got to be scientific and rigorous and plan it really carefully, but if it does work we could find powerful evidence that acupuncture is having a real effect on the body."
The experiment showed images of the brains of patients undergoing superficial and deep needling. Sykes summarised the results: "Acupuncture was having a real effect on the brain and it was doing something completely unexpected. It was a result that surprised us all ... The bit of the brain that helps us decide whether something is painful, we think perhaps is being affected by acupuncture and so maybe that helps to explain why acupuncture can help with chronic pain." The experiment was reported with national newspaper headlines such as "Acupuncture does combat pain, study finds".
However, Professor George Lewith of Westminster University, the most experienced acupuncture researcher on the team devising the BBC experiment, criticises the way the experiment was presented: "The interpretation of the science in this particular programme was not good and was inappropriately sensationalised by the production team. I think all of us on the experiment felt like that."
Although sympathetic about some of the claims of acupuncturists, he contradicts the way the experiment was described: "The experiment was not groundbreaking, its results were sensationalised and there was insufficient time to analyse the data properly and so draw any sound conclusions. It was oversold and over-interpreted. We were encouraged to over-interpret, and proper scientific qualifications that might suggest alternative interpretations of the data appear to have been edited out of the programme. Because the BBC had funded the experiment, they wanted their money's worth - that's not a good basis for science."
The series claimed to maintain the highest standards, and was subtitled "The Evidence". But Edzard Ernst, professor of complementary medicine at Exeter University, was dismayed by the shortage of hard evidence. The main consultant for the series says: "The BBC decided to do disturbingly simple storylines with disturbingly happy endings. But none of these stories is as simple as they presented, nor do they have such happy endings. Even when the evidence was outright negative, they somehow bent over backwards to create another happy ending.
"I feel that they abused me in a way. It was as if they had instructions from higher up that this had to be a happy story about complementary medicine without any complexity, and they used me to give a veneer of respectability."
Rationality
Prof Ernst, an experienced TV consultant, was disappointed by several sections of the series. The low point for him came last November, when he complained three times about the programme on faith healing, which he felt was creating a false impression. Having been ignored, he wrote to Martin Wilson, the series producer: "With any other subject this would simply be a false impression and an orgy in pseudo science, but with healing this cuts much deeper. Here we are touching on a very fundamental issue of rationality. If your programme undermines rationality in that unfortunate way, it does an enormous disfavour far beyond healthcare and promotes US-style anti-science."
Having seen the finished programme, he wishes he had not had his name attached to it.
According to Prof Ernst, the fundamental problem was the production team's lack of expertise and unwillingness to listen: "I would have expected that journalists doing a medical programme would be able to deal with medical evidence. But they were at a complete loss to understand the difference between an anecdote and real evidence. You need somebody on the team who is a scientist, particularly in the area that the programme is about. Also, there is no point having expert advisers if nobody is going to take on board what they say."
Despite the criticisms, the BBC is understood to be considering commissioning a second series. A spokesman said yesterday: "We take these allegations very seriously and we strongly refute them. We used two scientific consultants for the series, Prof Ernst and Dr Jack Tinker, dean emeritus of the Royal Society of Medicine, both of whom signed off the programme scripts. It seems extremely unusual that Prof Ernst should make these comments so long after the series has aired."
The spokesman said Dr Tinker said he remained happy with the tone and content of the films, stating: "Fellow medics at the Royal Society, including one eminent professor, said it was the best medical series they had seen on television."
The BBC had consulted other medical experts to ensure the series' integrity: "There was no pressure from anyone to distort the evidence. The results of the acupuncture experiment were not sensationalised. It was Prof Lewith who, in the programme, described the results as 'quite special' and 'something unique to acupuncture'. The results were not edited to give a distorted picture, any reservations scientists did have were fairly reflected in the programme.
"The BBC's science unit has a strong track record of making accurate, distinctive and high quality programmes which are rigorously scrutinised before being aired, and this series is no exception. We stand by the series."
Professor David Colquhoun, a pharmacologist at University College London, says he has already detected signs that the series has had an impact on public attitudes to alternative medicine.
The series visited South Africa to show the use of the plant sutherlandia in treating Aids. Prof Colquhoun says: "Sutherlandia is a totally unverified treatment for Aids. The programme gave a positive impression of what sutherlandia can do, even though no clinical trials have been done yet. The comments made in the programme about Aids were irresponsible and potentially dangerous. Sadly, but predictably, the programme on herbalism has already been exploited by vendors of unproven treatments. While it is true that the programme did not actually assert that this herb cured Aids, it certainly left the impression that it was good stuff."
One company now promotes sutherlandia tablets thus: "In South Africa, BBC2 TV presenter Professor Kathy Sykes learnt of the herb sutherlandia, which is being touted as a new weapon in the fight against HIV and Aids ... It is with thanks to programmes such as Alternative Medicine, shown on BBC 2 on Tuesday 7th February, and the work carried out by Professor Kathy Sykes that medicinal herbs can receive the acknowledgement they truly deserve, and this knowledge be passed on to the general public."
Prof Ernst says: "I see the impact of the programmes on the public because a lot of them write to me and want to be operated on by acupuncture anaesthesia because they think it is a realistic possibility, which it is not."
· Simon Singh is a science writer, and directed and produced programmes such as Tomorrow's World and Horizon

09 mars 2006
L'acupuncture efficace dans le traitement de la migraine
Entre avril 2002 et juillet 2005, cette équipe a suivi un groupe de 1 295 patients souffrant de deux à six crises migraineuses par mois. Par tirage au sort, ils ont constitué trois sous-groupes. Le premier était traité par médicaments, le deuxième par une véritable acupuncture et le troisième par une acupuncture simulée.
Malgré quelques difficultés techniques et le retrait de 106 patients mécontents de faire partie du sous-groupe "médicaments antimigraineux", les auteurs de cette étude estiment être en mesure de publier leurs conclusions encourageantes obtenues sur la base de 794 observations semi-complètes et de 443 observations complètes.
Avec six mois de recul, il apparaît que la proportion des personnes qui ont observé une diminution d'au moins 50 % des jours de crise s'élève à 47 % dans le sous-groupe "acupuncture standardisée", à 40 % dans le sous-groupe "médicaments antimigraineux" et à 39 % dans le sous-groupe "acupuncture simulée". Ces différences ne sont pas statistiquement significatives.
"Cet essai bien construit confirme que la symbolique du geste de l'acupuncture, qu'elle soit réelle ou simulée permet, via l'effet placebo, d'obtenir de bons résultats chez les personnes souffrant de crises migraineuses", explique le professeur Jean-François Bergmann, spécialiste de thérapeutique à l'hôpital Lariboisière (Paris).
Les auteurs de ce travail rappellent quant à eux que l'acupuncture, très pratiquée en Allemagne, a l'avantage de réduire considérablement le risque d'une surconsommation chronique de médicaments chez les personnes exposées à des migraines récurrentes.
21 janvier 2006
Acupuncture 'deactivates brain'
Tuesday's programme - the first of three on complementary medicine - will show researchers carrying out brain scans on people having acupuncture.
The BBC Two show will also feature heart surgery done using acupuncture instead of a general anaesthetic.
The patient is conscious during the operation in China, but she was given sedatives and a local anaesthetic.
In Alternative Medicine: The Evidence, volunteers are subjected to deep needling, which involves needles being inserted 1cm into the back of the hand at well-known acupuncture points.
A control group undergoes superficial needling with needles placed only 1mm in.
Sensation
The needles are then twiddled until the participants feel a dull, achy or tingling sensation. For those in the deep needling group this stimulates the nervous system.
During these two procedures, the volunteers underwent brain scans to see what, if any, effect there was in the brain.
The team, including leading scientists from University College London, Southampton University and the University of York, found the superficial needling resulted in activation of the motor areas of the cortex, a normal reaction to pain.
But with deep needling, the limbic system, part of the pain matrix, is deactivated.
The finding was surprising because experts had always assumed acupuncture activates the brain in someway.
Professor Sykes said: "The pain matrix is involved in the perception of pain - it helps someone decide whether something is painful or not, so it could be that acupuncture in some ways changes a person's pain perception.
"We have found something quite unexpected - that acupuncture is having a measurable effect on the human brain.
"We are not suggesting that it should be used during surgery, although it is in China, but just that it acts as a pain relief and should be taken seriously."
Professor Tony Wildsmith, a pain relief expert at the University of Dundee, said he thought the findings were possible.
But he added: "The thing about acupuncture is that it does not work on everyone. It is more likely to be effective if you believe it.
"I think it is a psychological manipulation technique, a distraction. We are not going to get to the stage where this could be used instead of a general anaesthetic."
29 juillet 2005
L'acupuncture serait efficace contre les maux de tête, selon une étude
Cependant les résultats sont pratiquement les mêmes qu'il s'agisse d'acupuncture faite selon les règles de l'art chinois ancestral ou que le rituel des aiguilles, plantées superficiellement dans la peau, se fasse hors des traditionnels "points d'acupuncture", montre l'étude comparative sur 270 patients (74% de femmes) de l'équipe de Dieter Melchart et Klaus Linde de l'université de Munich.
Les patients ayant bénéficié de l'acupuncture traditionnelle ont vu la fréquence de leurs maux de tête diminuer de près de moitié. Le nombre de jours avec maux de tête ("céphalée de tension") s'est ainsi réduit de 7,2 jours dans le groupe acupuncture, de 6,6 jours avec la forme "minimale" d'acupuncture et de 1,5 jour dans le groupe non traité (soit une diminution de 10%).
195 participants étaient répartis dans les deux groupes ayant bénéficié de l'acupuncture sous une forme ou l'autre. La période de traitement portait sur une période de huit semaines. L'amélioration a persisté quelques mois après l'arrêt de l'acupuncture conventionnelle ou non, quoique s'amenuisant doucement au fil du temps, ont été surpris de constater ces chercheurs.
La piqûre même hors des points d'acupuncture n'est pas neutre. Elle pourrait déclencher des réactions physiologiques au plan local, sur la circulation sanguine ou libérer des messagers chimiques influant sur la douleur, avancent les auteurs.
-> Etude du British Medical Journal
